Comparative literature broadens its scope beyond Western canons by incorporating East Asian languages, patristics, and classical traditions, enabling transregional and cross-textual analysis. Interdisciplinary science-based frameworks—ranging from linguistics to chemistry and mathematics—shape literary-cultural inquiry, yielding novel methodological syntheses across literature and science. Textual theory, critical practice, and life-writing become central tools, while archival history illuminates texts and authors. Historical Significance: The period marks a decisive shift toward transnational reception, intercultural dialogue, and globally oriented scholarship, laying groundwork for later cosmopolitan approaches in literary studies. By foregrounding cross-textual dialogue and interdisciplinary methods, it presaged later emphasis on theory-driven, comparative frames and the integration of biographical context into interpretation.